Packaging systems are categorized as Active, Passive, or Hybrid systems. Passive Packaging Systems usually are insulated containers and are synonymous with Passive Thermal Shippers. They can be designed for either single use or multiple usages. They usually consist of an outer packaging cell, thermal insulation, refrigerant, thermal buffer, and dunnage. The choice of materials is affected by the type of shipment, temperature, time to ship to delivery, ambient conditions, and delivery mode. Passive shipping systems are essential for mail order, specialty pharmacies, online food purchases, and meal kits. It is very economical, with few shipping restrictions, simple maintenance for the reusable options, greater design flexibility. It does require assembly does not have real time monitoring. They are primarily designed for smaller payloads. The shippers can be prequalified and qualified/certified for temperature shipping lanes. (ISTA) These systems can be made from environmentally sustainable, curbside compostable or recyclable materials. A Lower Carbon footprint (10-40% lower emissions) produced due to less, handling of reusable items per rotation and transport to and from the distribution centers. (McKinsey and Company, April 2023: Materials Practice: The potential impact of reusable packaging)
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